Metal forgings are the key parts widely used in the industrial field, and their performance and quality have an important impact on the safety, stability and life of the entire mechanical equipment. Heating process and equipment selection is an important link in the production of metal forgings, this paper will deeply discuss the different heating process and equipment selection principles and methods, to provide reference for the production of metal forgings.
Heating process and equipment play an important role in the production of metal forgings, and its selection principle is closely related to the type, size, material and use environment of metal forgings. Understanding and mastering the basic characteristics of metal forgings and heating process requirements is helpful to reasonable selection of heating equipment, improve production efficiency and product quality.
Heating temperature
The heating temperature is an important parameter in the heating process of metal forgings, which should be selected according to the type of material, forging requirements and process conditions. For common materials such as carbon steel, the heating temperature is generally between 800 and 1100℃; For special materials such as superalloys, the heating temperature may be as high as 1200~1300℃.
Heating time
Heating time refers to the time required for the metal material to reach the specified temperature during the heating process. According to the size of the metal forgings, materials and heating temperature and other factors, the reasonable selection of heating time is of great significance to ensure that the metal material is fully heated and avoid overheating, oxidation and other defects.
Heating rate
The heating speed directly affects the heating effect of metal materials. Too fast heating speed may lead to overheating, oxidation and deformation of the material; Too slow heating speed may lead to uneven heating of the material, internal stress and other problems. Therefore, the appropriate heating speed should be selected according to the material characteristics and process requirements.
Oven
Oven is a common heating equipment, suitable for mass production, large size or relatively simple shape of metal forgings. Oven heating uniform, suitable for carbon steel, stainless steel and other common materials heating.
Gas stove
Gas furnace has the advantages of fast heating speed, accurate temperature control, easy operation, etc., suitable for single or small batch production. For some special materials, such as superalloys, gas furnaces can provide higher heating temperatures to meet the requirements of high temperature forming.
Electric heater
The electric furnace has the advantages of clean energy, easy operation and accurate temperature control. However, the electric furnace heating speed is slow, suitable for some small, thin wall and complex shape of the metal forgings.
In the heating process of metal forgings, there are some problems, such as high energy consumption, excessive oxide skin and low production efficiency. To solve these problems, the following solutions can be adopted:
High energy consumption: The use of advanced heating technology and equipment, such as energy-saving gas furnace, electric furnace, etc., to improve energy efficiency.
Excessive oxide: reasonable control of heating temperature and heating speed to reduce the generation of oxide. At the same time, the effective surface treatment method is used to remove the oxide skin on the surface of the metal forgings.
Low production efficiency: Automatic and continuous production methods are used to improve production efficiency. For example, a conveyor belt is used to continuously feed metal forgings into the heating equipment to achieve automated production.
In this paper, the heating process and equipment selection of metal forgings are introduced in detail. According to different situations, choosing the appropriate heating process and equipment is of great significance to improve production efficiency and product quality. In the future, with the continuous progress of technology and the needs of industrial development, the heating process and equipment of hardware forgings will continue to improve and improve, providing strong support for the development of industrial manufacturing.
