In the machining process of metal forgings, cutting force and cutting temperature have important effects on machining quality and efficiency. This paper will discuss how to control the cutting force and cutting temperature to achieve better machining results.
Principle and influence of cutting force and cutting temperature
Cutting force refers to the friction generated between the tool and the workpiece in the cutting process, which mainly comes from the friction between the cutting edge of the tool and the workpiece. The cutting temperature refers to the friction between the tool and the workpiece during the cutting process to generate heat, so that the temperature at the cutting point rises.
The cutting force has a significant effect on machining quality and tool life. Excessive cutting force may lead to increased tool wear, or even edge breakage, thereby reducing the machining quality. Too small cutting force may lead to insufficient cutting and affect processing efficiency.
The cutting temperature also affects the machining quality and tool life. High temperature may lead to thermal deformation of the workpiece and affect the dimensional accuracy. Too high a cutting temperature can also lead to faster tool wear and shorter tool life.
Control strategy of cutting force and cutting temperature
Tool selection: Choosing a tool with the right hardness, wear resistance and impact resistance can reduce cutting force. At the same time, the appropriate tool material is selected according to the material and hardness of the workpiece to reduce the cutting temperature.
Cooling lubrication: The use of coolants and lubricants in the machining process can reduce cutting forces and cutting temperatures. The coolant can take away part of the cutting heat and reduce the workpiece temperature. The lubricant can form a protective film between the tool and the workpiece, reducing friction and reducing cutting forces and temperatures.
Process parameter adjustment: Reasonable adjustment of cutting speed, feed and cutting depth and other process parameters, can ensure the processing efficiency at the same time, reduce the cutting force and cutting temperature. Excessive cutting speed may lead to an increase in cutting force and an increase in temperature, while appropriate feed and cutting depth can reduce cutting force and temperature.
Workpiece clamping: Ensure that the workpiece is stable and does not vibrate during processing, which can reduce the cutting force. Through reasonable selection of fixtures and adjustment of clamping force, the vibration of the workpiece in the process of machining can be reduced and the machining quality can be improved.
Optimizing the cutting path: Choosing a reasonable cutting path can reduce the cutting force and cutting temperature. Through reasonable arrangement of the tool’s motion path, the impact of cutting tool can be reduced, the cutting force can be reduced, and the heat generation can be reduced.
This paper analyzes the principle and influence of cutting force and cutting temperature in the process of metal forging, and puts forward the corresponding control strategy. Cutting force and cutting temperature can be effectively reduced and machining quality and efficiency can be improved by selecting suitable cutting tools, adopting cooling and lubrication measures, adjusting process parameters and optimizing cutting paths. Practical application cases show that these control strategies are feasible and effective. In the future, with the continuous progress and innovation of science and technology, the cutting force and cutting temperature control of hardware forgings will continue to be deeply studied to achieve more efficient and accurate processing.