Metal forgings are a key component widely used in machinery, automotive, aerospace and other industries. Heat treatment process plays an important role in improving the performance, mechanical strength and corrosion resistance of metal forgings. This paper will introduce the heat treatment process and equipment selection of metal forgings in detail, in order to provide reference for related industries.
Heat treatment process analysis
The heat treatment process of metal forgings mainly includes three stages: heating, insulation and cooling. The choice of heating temperature and holding time needs to be determined according to factors such as the material, shape and size of the forging. In general, the higher the heating temperature, the longer the holding time, the larger the grain size of the material, and the mechanical properties will also be affected. Therefore, the reasonable selection of heating temperature and holding time is of great significance to ensure the quality of metal forgings. The choice of cooling method will also affect the mechanical properties and organizational structure of metal forgings. Common cooling methods include air cooling, water cooling and oil cooling, etc., should be based on the material and performance requirements of the forging to choose the appropriate cooling method.
The equipment used for heat treatment of metal forgings mainly includes heating furnace, insulation furnace and cooling equipment. There are many kinds of heating furnaces, which can be divided into electric furnaces, gas furnaces, oil furnaces and so on according to the different heating methods. Electric furnace heating uniform, accurate temperature control, suitable for small metal forgings heating. Gas furnace and oil furnace heating speed is faster, suitable for large metal forgings heating. The function of the holding furnace is to keep the temperature stable, generally using electric heating, furnace temperature control precision is high. Cooling equipment includes pools, spray devices and cooling beds, etc., should be selected according to the cooling requirements of metal forgings.
In the heat treatment process of metal forgings, the main points of operation mainly include the following points:
Equipment commissioning: Before heat treatment, equipment should be inspected and commissioning to ensure normal operation of the equipment.
Material preparation: Check the material specification and quantity to ensure the material quality meets the requirements.
Furnace loading operation: Place the metal forgings in the furnace as required, taking care to avoid collision and overlap.
Heating operation: According to the material and requirements of the forging, set the heating temperature and holding time reasonably to ensure uniform heating.
Heat preservation operation: During the heat preservation process, the temperature should be kept stable to avoid temperature fluctuations.
Cooling operation: According to the material and performance requirements of the forging, choose the appropriate cooling method to ensure that the cooling speed is moderate.
Oven operation: After forging cooling, oven operation, pay attention to avoid burns.
Quality inspection: Quality inspection of metal forgings after heat treatment to ensure that they meet product design requirements.
This paper introduces in detail the heat treatment process and equipment selection of metal forgings, including heating, insulation and cooling stages, as well as the applicable equipment types and operation points. Reasonable heat treatment process and equipment selection play an important role in improving the performance, mechanical strength and corrosion resistance of metal forgings. In practical applications, the appropriate heat treatment process and equipment should be selected according to the factors such as the material, shape and size of the forging, and the operation should be carried out in strict accordance with the operation points to ensure the heat treatment effect and quality.
