Machine tool bearing is an important part of machine tool equipment, and its performance directly affects the running accuracy, stability and life of machine tool. Lubrication is a necessary condition to ensure the normal operation of bearings, and different lubrication methods will have different effects on the performance of bearings. This paper will compare and analyze the lubrication methods of machine tool bearings, and provide reference for the lubrication selection of bearings.
The lubrication methods of machine tool bearings mainly include oil film lubrication, oil mist lubrication, oil and gas lubrication and solid lubrication. These lubrication methods have their own characteristics and need to be selected according to the specific situation.
Film lubrication
Oil film lubrication is to inject lubricating oil into the bearing through the oil hole or oil groove of the bearing seat to form a layer of oil film, so that the bearing is lubricated during operation. The advantage of this lubrication method is that the lubrication effect is good, can withstand high load and speed, and is suitable for lubrication of most machine tool bearings. However, oil film lubrication requires regular replacement of lubricating oil, and the maintenance workload is larger.
Oil mist lubrication
Oil mist lubrication is to atomize the lubricating oil into small particles through the oil nozzle, and bring the oil mist into the bearing through the air flow for lubrication. The advantages of this lubrication method are less lubricating oil consumption, less maintenance work, and it is suitable for high-speed and light-load machine tool bearings. However, oil mist lubrication has higher requirements for the viscosity of the oil and the nozzle, and it is easy to cause environmental pollution.
Oil-gas lubrication
Oil and gas lubrication is the mixture of compressed air and lubricating oil, through the pipeline into the bearing interior for lubrication. The advantages of this lubrication method are less lubricating oil consumption, good cooling effect, and suitable for high-speed and heavy-duty machine tool bearings. However, the oil-gas lubrication system is complex, the maintenance workload is large, and the cleanliness and viscosity of the oil products are required.
Solid lubrication
Solid lubrication is to apply a solid lubricant on the bearing surface or fill the bearing inside to form a layer of solid lubrication film, so that the bearing is lubricated during operation. The advantages of this lubrication method are that there is no need to add lubricating oil, the maintenance workload is small, and it is suitable for low-speed and light-load machine tool bearings. However, the friction coefficient of solid lubricants is large and the application range is limited.
Comprehensive comparison of the above four lubrication methods, you can find that each way has advantages and disadvantages, need to choose according to the specific situation. When evaluating your options, consider the following:
Bearing speed and load: high-speed, heavy-duty bearings need to choose oil film lubrication or oil and gas lubrication; Low speed, light load bearing can choose oil mist lubrication or solid lubrication.
Working environment: For high temperature, large dust working environment, you can choose oil and gas lubrication or solid lubrication; For the work environment that needs to be kept clean, you can choose oil film lubrication or oil mist lubrication.
Maintenance workload: When you want to reduce the maintenance workload, you can choose oil mist lubrication or solid lubrication; For the case that the lubricating oil needs to be changed regularly, you can choose oil film lubrication or oil and gas lubrication.
Economic benefits: Considering the oil consumption and equipment investment and other factors, choose the most suitable lubrication method.
On the basis of choosing the appropriate lubrication method, the following points should also be noted:
Select reliable lubricant brands and suppliers to ensure oil quality and cleanliness;
Check and maintain the lubrication system regularly to ensure that the system is working properly;
Adjust the lubricating oil amount and pressure parameters according to the actual situation to ensure that the bearing is fully lubricated;
For different types of bearings, the appropriate lubrication method needs to be selected according to its characteristics and requirements.
In this paper, four kinds of lubrication methods for machine tool bearings are compared, and their advantages and disadvantages and application range are analyzed. When selecting the appropriate lubrication method, factors such as bearing speed and load, working environment, maintenance workload and economic benefits need to be considered. At the same time, in the process of use, it is necessary to pay attention to the selection of the appropriate lubricant brand, regular maintenance of the lubrication system and adjustment of lubricant parameters. Choosing the appropriate lubrication method can extend the service life of the bearing and improve the running accuracy and stability of the machine tool.
