Machine tool bearing is an important part of machine tool equipment, and its performance directly affects the running accuracy, stability and life of machine tool. However, due to the influence of various factors, machine tool bearings are prone to failure, leading to machine shutdown, affecting the production schedule and product quality. Therefore, the fault diagnosis and prevention of machine tool bearing is very important. This paper will discuss the fault diagnosis and prevention of machine tool bearing from the aspects of fault diagnosis, preventive measures and maintenance methods.
When the bearing of the machine tool fails, the following signs will generally appear:
Abnormal noise: The irregular noise or abnormal noise of the bearing during operation may be caused by internal damage to the bearing, poor lubrication or improper installation.
Vibration: The bearing appears obvious vibration during operation, which may be caused by bearing damage, shaft bending, improper installation and other reasons.
Temperature rise: the temperature of the bearing increases significantly during operation, which may be caused by internal damage to the bearing, poor lubrication, overload and other reasons.
Accuracy decline: The running accuracy of the bearing is significantly reduced, which may be caused by bearing damage, shaft bending, improper installation and other reasons.
When the above signs are found, it is necessary to conduct a detailed inspection of the machine tool bearing to determine the specific cause and location of the fault. The following methods can be used to check:
Auditory examination: listen to the sound of the bearing when it is running with a stethoscope and other tools to determine whether there is an abnormal sound.
Tactile inspection: Touch the bearing and its surrounding parts by hand to determine whether there is vibration or temperature abnormality.
Visual inspection: Observe the appearance and operation of the bearing to determine whether there are abnormal phenomena such as wear, cracks and deformation.
Instrument inspection: Vibration measuring instrument, temperature measuring instrument and other instruments are used to check the bearing to obtain more accurate fault information.
In order to prevent machine tool bearing failure, the following measures can be taken:
Regular inspection and maintenance: Regular inspection and maintenance of machine tool bearings, timely detection and treatment of potential problems. It is generally recommended to check the machine tool bearings once a month.
Selection of high-quality bearings: The selection of reliable bearing manufacturers to ensure the quality and performance of bearings. At the same time, the appropriate bearing type is selected according to the specific application scenario and requirements.
Correct installation of bearings: The correct installation method and tools should be used when installing bearings to avoid bearing damage caused by improper installation. At the same time, pay attention to the fixing and sealing of the bearing to prevent the bearing from loosening or the entry of external impurities.
Maintain good lubrication: use appropriate lubricants and lubrication methods to regularly lubricate and maintain bearings. At the same time, pay attention to the type and amount of lubricant to avoid bearing damage caused by improper use.
Control the working environment: keep the working environment where the machine tool equipment is located clean, dry, and the temperature is appropriate to avoid dust, moisture and other impurities into the bearing. At the same time, the impact of adverse factors such as overload and excessive wear on the bearing should be avoided.
When the bearing of the machine tool fails, it needs to be repaired in time to restore its normal function. Here are some common maintenance methods:
Replacement of bearings: When bearings are seriously damaged, new bearings need to be replaced. When replacing bearings, pay attention to the selection of new bearings with the same model and specifications as the original bearings, and use the correct installation method for installation.
Adjust the clearance: When the bearing is worn or loose, the clearance needs to be adjusted to ensure normal operation. It can be adjusted by adjusting the gasket and adjusting the nut.
Bearing cleaning: When there are impurities or poor lubrication in the bearing, the bearing needs to be cleaned. Tools such as cleaning agents or ultrasonic cleaning machines can be used for cleaning, and lubrication maintenance should be carried out in time after cleaning.
Maintenance of other parts: Sometimes the bearing failure of the machine tool is caused by the failure of other parts, such as shaft bending, box deformation, etc. In this case, other components need to be repaired or replaced to restore the normal function of the machine.
When repairing machine tool bearings, the following matters need to be noted:
Power off operation: The power supply of the machine tool equipment must be disconnected before maintenance to avoid electric shock accidents.
Prevention of pollution: In the maintenance process should pay attention to keep clean, to avoid dust, moisture and other impurities into the bearing interior or other parts.
Correct use of tools: The correct tools and methods should be used during maintenance to avoid secondary failures or damage to other parts caused by improper use.
Careful inspection: After the completion of maintenance, the machine tool equipment should be carefully inspected and debutted to ensure that its normal function can be restored.
Record the maintenance situation: record the maintenance situation in detail, including fault phenomena, fault causes, maintenance methods, etc., for future reference and analysis.
The fault diagnosis and prevention of machine tool bearing is an important link to ensure the normal operation of machine tool equipment. Through understanding and mastering of fault diagnosis methods, potential problems can be found and dealt with in time. The occurrence of failure can be reduced by taking effective preventive measures; The normal function of the machine can be restored by the correct maintenance method. Therefore, in the daily work, we should pay attention to the maintenance and maintenance of machine tool bearings and strengthen the training and management of relevant personnel to improve the overall performance and life of machine tool equipment for enterprises to create greater economic benefits and market competitiveness.
