The bearing clearance of machine tool is one of the important factors affecting the performance of machine tool. Too large or too small clearance may lead to machine vibration, noise, wear and other problems, and then affect the machining accuracy and machine life. Therefore, the reasonable measurement and adjustment of the bearing clearance of the machine tool is of great significance to ensure the normal operation of the machine tool. This paper will discuss the clearance measurement and adjustment skills of machine tool bearing from the definition and cause of clearance, measurement methods, adjustment skills and so on.
Clearance refers to the clearance between the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing. In machine tool bearings, the generation of clearance is mainly due to the temperature difference between the inner and outer rings of the bearing, matching tolerances, wear and other factors. Excessive clearance may lead to unstable bearing operation, vibration and noise; Too small clearance may cause the bearing to heat, wear, and even lock. Therefore, reasonable control of bearing clearance is very important to ensure the normal operation of the machine tool.
Measurement method
Feeling method: Rotate the bearing outer ring by hand to feel its tightness. If the rotation is easy, the clearance may be too large; If rotation is difficult, the clearance may be too small. This method is simple and convenient, but the precision is low.
Magnifying glass observation method: the bearing is placed under a magnifying glass to observe the gap between the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing. This method has high accuracy, but it needs to have certain observation experience and skills.
Measuring tool Measuring method: The bearing is measured using a special clearance measuring tool. This method has the highest accuracy, but requires the use of professional measuring tools.
In practical application, the appropriate measurement method can be selected according to the specific situation. It should be noted that the bearing should be clean and free of oil when measuring, so as not to affect the measurement results.
Adjustment skill
Reduce backlash: The backlash can be reduced by adjusting the relative position of the bearing inner and outer rings. The specific methods include adding gaskets on the inner or outer ring of the bearing and adjusting the preload force of the bearing. It should be noted that excessive pretension should be avoided when adjusting, so as not to cause the bearing to heat and wear.
Increase the clearance: The clearance can be increased by adjusting the relative position of the bearing inner and outer rings. The specific methods include reducing the gasket on the inner or outer ring of the bearing and adjusting the preload of the bearing. It should be noted that excessive clearance should be avoided when increasing the clearance, so as not to lead to unstable bearing operation, vibration and noise.
In practical application, the appropriate adjustment method can be selected according to the specific situation. After the adjustment is completed, the bearing clearance should be measured again to ensure that the adjustment results meet the requirements.
The clearance measurement and adjustment of machine tool bearing is one of the important factors affecting machine tool performance. Reasonable measurement and adjustment of machine tool bearing clearance can effectively improve the service life and production efficiency of machine tools. In practical applications, appropriate measurement methods and adjustment skills can be selected according to the specific situation to ensure that the bearing clearance is controlled within a reasonable range. At the same time, attention should be paid to keeping the bearings clean and lubricated to extend their service life.
