Forging production is an important link in the machinery manufacturing industry, and the choice of die materials is of great significance to improve the quality of forging, reduce production costs and improve production efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the selection and research of die materials in forging production, and to provide reference for practical production.
In forging production, the choice of die materials needs to consider a variety of factors, including hardness, strength, toughness, thermal conductivity and other performance requirements. At the same time, it is also necessary to consider the requirements of special properties such as wear resistance, impact resistance and corrosion resistance of mold materials.
Hardness and strength: The hardness and strength of the die material is an important factor affecting the quality of the forging. The hardness of the die material should be high enough to withstand the impact and wear during forging. At the same time, the strength of the mold material should also be high enough to withstand deformation and cracking under high temperature and pressure. Commonly used mold materials are carbon tool steel, alloy tool steel, high-speed steel and so on.
Toughness: The toughness of the die material is another important factor affecting the quality of the forging. The toughness of the die material should be good enough to avoid brittle fracture during forging. Commonly used mold materials are low carbon steel, medium carbon steel, alloy steel and so on.
Thermal conductivity: The thermal conductivity of the die material is one of the important factors affecting the quality of the forging. The thermal conductivity of the die material should be good, so that the die can dissipate heat quickly during the forging process and avoid the die overheating resulting in a decline in the quality of the forging. Commonly used mold materials are copper, aluminum, copper alloy and so on.
Wear resistance: The wear resistance of die materials is an important factor affecting the quality and service life of forgings. The wear resistance of the die material should be good enough to withstand prolonged wear and impact. Commonly used mold materials are high-speed steel, carbide and so on.
Impact resistance: The impact resistance of the die material is one of the important factors affecting the quality and service life of the forging. The impact resistance of the mold material should be good enough to withstand the impact force and vibration during forging. Commonly used mold materials are low carbon steel, medium carbon steel, alloy steel and so on.
Corrosion resistance: The corrosion resistance of die materials is one of the important factors affecting the quality and service life of forgings. The corrosion resistance of the die material should be good to avoid the deterioration of the quality of the forging caused by corrosion during the forging process. Commonly used mold materials are stainless steel, copper alloy and so on.
For the choice of die materials in forging production, the following methods can be used to study:
Theoretical analysis: Through the theoretical analysis of the performance and characteristics of the die material, choose the die material suitable for forging production.
Experimental research: Through experiments to verify the performance of different die materials in forging production, select the best die materials.
Numerical simulation: Through numerical simulation to study the stress and temperature distribution of different die materials in forging production, select the most suitable die materials.
Through experimental research on the performance of different die materials in forging production, the following rules are found:
Hardness and strength: Carbon tool steel and alloy tool steel have high hardness and strength, suitable for withstand greater impact and wear. High speed steel has higher hardness and strength and is suitable for the manufacture of high quality forgings.
Toughness: Low carbon steel and medium carbon steel have high toughness and are suitable for manufacturing forgings with complex shapes. Alloy steel has better toughness and is suitable for making high quality forgings.
Thermal conductivity: Copper and aluminum have good thermal conductivity and are suitable for manufacturing molds that require rapid heat dissipation. Copper alloys have better thermal conductivity and are suitable for the manufacture of high-quality forgings.
Wear resistance: High speed steel and carbide have high wear resistance, suitable for the manufacture of long-term use of molds.
Impact resistance: Low carbon steel and medium carbon steel have high impact resistance, which is suitable for manufacturing molds that withstand large impact forces. Alloy steel has better impact resistance and is suitable for the manufacture of high-quality forgings.
Corrosion resistance: Stainless steel and copper alloys have good corrosion resistance and are suitable for manufacturing molds used in corrosive environments.
In this paper, the selection and research of die materials in forging production are studied. Through the analysis and experimental verification of the properties and characteristics of different die materials, it is found that the performance of different die materials in forging production has its advantages and disadvantages. In actual production, it is necessary to choose the right mold material according to the specific situation to improve the quality of forging, reduce production costs and improve production efficiency. Future research directions include further improving the performance evaluation system of die materials, studying the application of new materials and new processes in forging production, and developing intelligent forging equipment.
