As a key component of railway transportation, the dimensional accuracy of locomotive track block forging is directly related to the safe operation and performance of the train. Therefore, it is very important to ensure the dimensional accuracy of locomotive track seat forging. This paper will discuss the dimensional accuracy and testing method of locomotive track block forging.
Dimensional accuracy is one of the important indexes of manufacturing quality of locomotive track seat forging. Accurate dimensions can ensure the stability and reliability of forgings during assembly and use, and reduce the safety risks and maintenance costs caused by dimensional errors. At the same time, the high dimensional accuracy is helpful to improve the operating efficiency of the locomotive and extend the service life.
Factors affecting dimensional accuracy
Die design and manufacturing: The manufacturing accuracy and wear degree of the die directly affect the dimensional accuracy of the forging. Therefore, the design, manufacture and daily maintenance of the mold are essential to maintain a high level of dimensional accuracy.
Raw materials: The composition, structure and hardness of raw materials have a great impact on the dimensional accuracy of the forging. The selection of high-quality raw materials and the control of its performance fluctuations are helpful to improve the dimensional accuracy of the forging.
Heat treatment process: Heat treatment process has an important impact on the structure and dimensional stability of the forging. Reasonable heat treatment process can improve the dimensional accuracy and stability of forgings.
Machining technology: Factors such as cutting parameters, tool wear and cooling conditions during machining will affect the dimensional accuracy of the forging. Optimization of machining parameters, selection of appropriate cutting tools and cooling methods are helpful to reduce dimensional errors.
Detection methods and techniques
Conventional testing method: The caliper, micrometer and other conventional measuring tools are used to directly measure the forging and obtain the relevant size data. Such methods are simple and practical, but are limited by the accuracy of the measuring tool and the skill level of the operator.
Optical measurement technology: The use of optical microscopy, laser scanner and other optical instruments for non-contact measurement of forging, with high precision and high efficiency characteristics. Optical measurement technology can obtain richer geometric information, which is suitable for the measurement of complex shapes and small sizes.
Coordinate measuring machine: Coordinate measuring machine is a kind of high-precision inspection equipment, which can realize the automatic measurement of complex geometric shapes. By establishing a coordinate system in three-dimensional space, CMM can accurately measure various dimensional parameters and form and position tolerances.
Finite element analysis: As a numerical simulation method, finite element analysis can be used to predict and evaluate the dimensional accuracy of locomotive track seat forgings. By establishing a finite element model to simulate the deformation process and stress distribution of forgings, the dimensional change of forgings can be analyzed and predicted.
Statistical process control: The use of statistical process control technology to monitor and manage the forging process, through the collection and analysis of process data, assess the stability and ability of the process, timely detection of anomalies and take measures to improve.
Taking the forging production process of a locomotive track seat as an example, the enterprise adopts the conventional testing method and the coordinate measuring machine to test the forging. In the production process, the key dimensions are monitored in real time by conventional testing methods, and the information is quickly fed back to the production site; At the same time, the CMM is used to spot check or full check the key components to ensure that the dimensional requirements of high precision are met. Combined with statistical process control method, enterprises effectively improve the dimensional accuracy and product quality of locomotive track seat forging.
The dimensional accuracy of locomotive track seat forging is of great significance to its performance and safety. In the production process, the influence of mold design and manufacturing, raw materials, heat treatment technology and processing technology on dimensional accuracy should be comprehensively considered. Using appropriate detection methods and tools, combined with advanced measurement technology, such as optical measurement, coordinate measurement and finite element analysis, can improve the detection efficiency and accuracy. At the same time, the use of statistical process control and other management methods to monitor and optimize the manufacturing process is helpful to continuously improve and improve the dimensional accuracy and product quality of locomotive track seat forging.
