Forging production is an important link in the machinery manufacturing industry, and its product quality directly affects the performance and service life of the final product. In the production process, material selection and quality control are crucial. In this paper, material selection and quality control in forging production will be discussed from the aspects of material selection, quality control, production process and safety issues.
In forging production, material selection needs to consider a number of factors, including the chemical composition of the material, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and so on. Different materials are suitable for different application scenarios, so it is necessary to choose the right material according to the specific needs.
Carbon steel: Carbon steel is a commonly used forging material, with good strength and toughness, suitable for a variety of mechanical manufacturing fields. The main control indexes of carbon steel include carbon content, sulfur and phosphorus content, grain size, etc. These indexes directly affect the mechanical properties and processing properties of the material.
Stainless steel: Stainless steel is an alloy steel with excellent corrosion resistance, suitable for mechanical equipment working in corrosive environments. The main control indicators of stainless steel include the content of chromium, nickel, molybdenum and other elements, as well as the microstructure and mechanical properties of the material.
Aluminum alloy: Aluminum alloy has the advantages of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, etc., suitable for aviation, automotive and other fields. The main control indicators of aluminum alloy include the content of aluminum, magnesium, silicon and other elements, as well as the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the material.
In forging production, quality control is the key link to ensure product qualification. Through effective quality control measures, the rejection rate can be reduced, the finished product rate can be increased, and the cost can be reduced and the benefit can be increased.
Incoming inspection: Strict inspection of incoming raw materials to ensure that raw materials meet the standard requirements. The test contents include chemical composition analysis, mechanical property detection, metallographic structure observation and so on.
Forging process control: the temperature, pressure, time and other parameters in the forging process are strictly controlled to ensure the stability and reliability of the forging process. At the same time, the advanced forging equipment and technology are used to improve the forging precision and efficiency.
Heat treatment control: Appropriate heat treatment of forgings to improve the mechanical properties and performance of materials. During the heat treatment process, parameters such as temperature, time and cooling speed should be strictly controlled to ensure the quality and stability of the heat treatment.
Finished product inspection: strict dimensional testing and non-destructive testing of finished forging products to ensure that products meet the requirements of drawings and quality standards. The unqualified products should be reworked or scrapped in time to prevent them from flowing into the next process or market.
The process of forging production mainly includes blanking, heating, forging, cooling, heat treatment and other links. Different materials and production processes correspond to different production processes.
Cutting: According to the requirements of the product drawing, the raw material is cut into the appropriate size of the blank. Cutting methods are flame cutting, mechanical cutting, etc., need to choose the appropriate cutting method according to the specific situation.
Heating: The blank is heated to the forging temperature range for forging operation. Heating methods include electric furnace heating, gas heating, etc. It is necessary to choose the appropriate heating method according to the material and size of the billet.
Forging: The heated blank is formed on the forging equipment to obtain the desired shape and size. There are two kinds of forging methods: free forging and die forging. It is necessary to choose the right forging method according to the specific situation.
Cooling: After forging is completed, the forging is properly cooled to prevent the material from overheating and producing defects such as cracks. Cooling method Air cooling, water cooling, etc., need to choose the appropriate cooling method according to the specific situation.
Heat treatment: According to product requirements, the forgings are subjected to appropriate heat treatment operations to improve the mechanical properties and performance of the material. Heat treatment methods such as quenching, tempering, etc., need to choose the appropriate heat treatment method according to the specific situation.
In the forging production process, it is necessary to pay attention to safety issues, including fire prevention, explosion prevention, corrosion prevention and other aspects. Here are some safety measures:
Fire prevention: In the heating and forging process, it is necessary to strictly control the fire source and high temperature area to prevent the occurrence of fire accidents. At the same time, fire fighting equipment such as fire extinguishers should be equipped at the production site to deal with emergencies in a timely manner.
Explosion-proof: For the links prone to explosion risk, such as heating furnaces, gas generators and other equipment, management and monitoring should be strengthened to prevent the occurrence of explosion accidents. At the same time, safety warning signs and safety operating procedures should be set up at the production site to remind employees to pay attention to safe operation.
Anti-corrosion: For some easily corroded materials and equipment, it is necessary to strengthen the implementation and management of anti-corrosion measures. For example, coating protection, cathodic protection and other methods can be used to slow down the corrosion rate and extend the service life of equipment and materials.
In the process of forging production, material selection and quality control are the key links that affect product quality. Through reasonable material selection and strict quality control measures, we can ensure that the quality and performance of forging products meet the requirements. At the same time, in the production process to pay attention to safety issues, strengthen the implementation and management of safety management measures. Only in this way can we create greater economic benefits and market competitiveness for enterprises.
