Machine tool bearing is an important part of machine tool equipment, and its performance directly affects the running accuracy, stability and life of machine tool. Vibration is one of the common fault manifestations of machine tool bearings, which not only affects the machining accuracy of machine tools, but also may lead to the damage of machine tools. Therefore, the analysis and control of the vibration of the machine tool bearing is of great significance to ensure the normal operation of the machine tool and extend the service life.
Machine tool bearing is a component used to support the rotating shaft, usually composed of an inner ring, an outer ring, a rolling body and a cage. The working principle of the bearing is to use the rolling body to roll on the raceway between the inner and outer rings to achieve the rotating movement of the shaft.
Vibration analysis is a method to evaluate the condition and performance of equipment by measuring and analyzing the vibration signals of equipment. The commonly used vibration analysis methods include spectrum analysis, time domain analysis, envelope analysis and so on. Through the vibration analysis of machine tool bearings, the working state of bearings can be understood, potential faults can be identified, and the basis for prevention and maintenance can be provided.
The vibration characteristics of machine tool bearings are affected by many factors, such as bearing structure, material, manufacturing process, lubrication conditions and working environment. The vibration of bearings can be divided into radial vibration and axial vibration. Radial vibration refers to the vibration of the bearing in the radial direction, while axial vibration refers to the vibration of the bearing in the axial direction.
There are many factors that cause the vibration of the machine tool bearing, such as the bearing clearance is too large or too small, poor lubrication, bearing wear, bearing inner and outer rings with poor fit. In addition, the working conditions of the machine tool, such as cutting force, speed, load, etc., will also affect the vibration of the bearing.
Vibration affects both machine tools and users. For machine tool equipment, vibration can lead to reduced machining accuracy, faster tool wear, loose or damaged machine parts and other problems. For users, vibration can lead to operational difficulties, fatigue and even health problems. Therefore, it is very important to analyze and control the vibration of machine tool bearings.
In order to control the vibration of machine tool bearings, the following methods can be taken:
Adjust the bearing clearance: reasonable bearing clearance can ensure the normal operation of the bearing. Excessive clearance may lead to increased bearing vibration, while too small clearance may lead to accelerated bearing heating and wear. Therefore, according to the type of bearing and working environment, it is very important to adjust the appropriate bearing clearance.
Optimized lubrication system: Good lubrication conditions can reduce bearing friction and wear, reduce bearing vibration. Check and maintain the lubrication system regularly to ensure that the quality and quantity of lubricating oil meet the requirements, which can effectively control the vibration of the bearing.
Replace worn bearings: check bearings regularly, and find that bearings with serious wear should be replaced in time. When replacing, a bearing manufacturer with reliable quality should be selected to ensure the quality and performance of the bearing.
Optimize the working environment: maintain the stability of the working environment of the machine tool, avoid excessive cutting, overload and other working conditions have adverse effects on the bearing. At the same time, regular maintenance and maintenance of the machine tool to ensure the normal operation of the machine tool.
Application of vibration monitoring technology: The use of advanced vibration monitoring technology, such as online monitoring system, intelligent diagnosis system, real-time monitoring and diagnosis of machine tool bearing vibration. This helps to detect potential faults in time and take preventive measures to avoid them.
In order to improve the running accuracy and stability of machine tool equipment, the vibration analysis and control of a number of key machine tool equipment bearings were carried out in a machinery manufacturing enterprise. First of all, the enterprise carried out a comprehensive inspection and analysis of the operating status of the machine tool equipment, and found that the bearing clearance of some equipment was too large, poor lubrication and other problems. In response to these problems, the company has taken measures such as adjusting the bearing clearance and optimizing the lubrication system. At the same time, the company also introduced advanced vibration monitoring technology, real-time monitoring and diagnosis of machine tool equipment vibration.
In the implementation process, the enterprise has developed a detailed implementation plan and schedule, and designated a special person in charge to supervise and guide the implementation process. After the completion of the implementation, the enterprise evaluated and summarized the implementation effect, and found that the measures taken effectively reduced the vibration level of the machine tool equipment and improved the operating accuracy and stability of the equipment. In addition, through the implementation of vibration monitoring technology, enterprises achieve real-time monitoring and diagnosis of machine tool equipment vibration, timely detection and treatment of potential faults, reducing the risk of equipment damage.
This paper introduces the vibration analysis and control of machine tool bearings. By analyzing and controlling the vibration of the machine tool bearing, the vibration level of the equipment can be effectively reduced, the operating accuracy and stability of the equipment can be improved, and the service life of the equipment can be extended. In practical applications, appropriate control measures need to be taken according to the specific situation, such as adjusting the bearing clearance, optimizing the lubrication system, etc. At the same time, the introduction of advanced vibration monitoring technology can monitor and diagnose the vibration of equipment in real time, which is helpful to find potential faults in time and take measures to deal with them. Through the implementation of these measures and the feedback and analysis of the implementation status, more details can be found and continuous improvement can be made to continuously improve the competitiveness and market share of the enterprise so as to achieve the long-term sustainable development goals.
